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In modern Western body piercing, a wide variety of materials are used. Some cannot be autoclaved, and others are may induce allergic reactions, or harbour bacteria. Certain countries, such as those belonging to the EU, have legal regulations specifying which materials can be used in new piercings. ==Minimum Standards for Jewelry for Initial Piercings== The Association of Professional Piercers has developed safety standards for body jewelry based on research and historical experience. Products with an ISO or ASTM designation are so noted and a statement specifying the finish requirements particular to body jewelry has been added. In addition, several materials designated for applications other than implants have been proven through historical and practical application to be suitably biocompatible for initial piercing. * Steel that is ASTM F-138〔http://www.astm.org/Standards/F138.htm〕 compliant or ISO 5832-1〔http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39023〕 compliant * Steel that is ISO 10993-6, 10993-10, and/or 10993-11 compliant * Titanium (Ti6Al4V ELI) that is ASTM F136〔http://astm.org/Standards/F136〕 compliant or ISO 5832-3〔http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=23049〕 compliant * Titanium that is ASTM F-67〔http://astm.org/Standards/F67〕 compliant * Solid 14 karat or higher nickel-free white or yellow gold * Solid nickel-free platinum alloy * Niobium (Nb) * Fused quartz glass, lead-free borosilicate or lead-free soda-lime glass * Polymers (plastics) as follows: * Tygon Medical Surgical Tubing S-50HL or S-54HL * Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that is ASTM F754-00〔http://www.astm.org/Standards/F754〕 compliant * Any plastic material that is ISO 10993-6, 10993-10 and/or 10993-11 compliant and/or meets the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Class VI material classification. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Body piercing materials」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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